There are areas which are not clear on your question to get a clear answers from platform users.
When you say swap the Hard drive and run it on XP:
do you mean trying the cd from Win 7 on XP, l might be wrong from technical view point but you cannt swap a hard drive from a notebook(laptop) running win 7 and run it on PC running XP.
Having said that, l would check in general this, not in any specific order:
1. what software are you using to write the cd on both machines
2. Is the laptop not overheating during writing, you can listen to the fans spinning, if so try reducing the writing speed. CDs when they are warm have a fun behaviour like letting the laser light thru it thereby causing retries and slowing the read/write speed.
3. Try up or down the writing speed.
4. the cd rom drive can be different, on PC, Pioneer has always been the leader on read/write speed bt Sony is now edging them slowly.
4. Check the memory usage and if you have enough on win 7. CD writing process buffers everything before it gets written to the actual cd, so if there is not enough memory, it will buffer, write, stop, buffer again etc.